Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) in Cisco CCNA Exam

CDP or Cisco Discovery Protocol is a Cisco proprietary network management tool that can be useful for documenting and troubleshooting your Cisco network. Cisco Discovery Protocol runs on Cisco devices (routers, switches, phones, etc.) and is also licensed to run on some network devices from other vendors. Using Cisco Discovery Protocol, network devices periodically advertise their own information to a multicast address on the network, making it available to any device or application that wishes to listen and collect it. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP ) is primarily used to obtain protocol addresses of neighboring devices and discover the platform of those devices. CDP can also be used to show information about the interfaces your router uses.

CDP allows ESX to capture and broadcast Cisco related information to and from the switches. Information such as management IP addresses and switch ports. CDP allows network management applications to discover Cisco devices that are neighbors of already known devices, in particular, neighbors running lower-layer, transparent protocols. CDPv2 added a reporting mechanism that will identify duplex mismatches in the console of the switch. Half duplex and duplex mismatches can greatly reduce voice quality during interactive conversations.

The Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) sure looks simple enough, but there are quite a few details to know for success on the CCNA exam. In your CCNP studies, you'll be introduced to additional uses for CDP, but for now it's enough to know that CDP is designed to give you information regarding directly connected Cisco routers and switches.

CDP runs by default between all directly connected Cisco devices. CDP is also a Cisco-proprietary protocol - if the directly connected device is not a Cisco device, you won't see the information you wanted.

The basic CDP command to display information about the directly connected neighbor is "show cdp neighbor".

R2#show cdp neighbor

Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge

S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater


Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID

R1 BRI0 167 R 2521 Dialer1


This command is particularly helpful when troubleshooting Cisco switches. There's no need to trace wiring in a rack of Cisco devices to see what routers are connected to a Cisco switch when show cdp neighbor can be used. In the above output, you can see the remote device's hostname, what interface on the remote device is connected to the local device, the capability of the remote device, the remote device's hardware platform, and the local interface that is connected to the remote device.

CDP can be disabled at both the global and interface level. To disable CDP at the interface level, run no cdp enable on the interface, and cdp enable to turn it back on.

cdp timer defines how often CDP packets are transmitted, and cdp holdtime defines how long a device will hold a received packet.

To turn CDP off for the entire router, run no cdp run. To view the current global status of CDP, run show cdp.

R2#show cdp

Global CDP information:

Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds

Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds


CDP is running by default.


R2#conf t

R2(config)#cdp timer 45

R2(config)#cdp holdtime 100


The CDP timers are changed.


R2#show cdp

Global CDP information:

Sending CDP packets every 45 seconds

Sending a holdtime value of 100 seconds

The CDP values have been successfully changed. “show cdp interface” will give the timer information for each interface on the router.

R2#conf t

R2(config)#interface bri0

R2(config-if)#no cdp enable


CDP is disabled on the BRI interface. This does NOT have to be done to keep the line from dialing.


R2#conf t

R2(config)#no cdp run


CDP is disabled globally.


R2#show cdp

% CDP is not enabled

CDP has been successfully disabled.

Show cdp neighbor gives you a great deal of information, but what if you need the neighbor's IP address? Just run show cdp neighbor detail. You will get even more information about that directly connected neighbor, including its IP address.

SW2#show cdp neighbor detail

-------------------------

Device ID: R4

Entry address(es):

IP address: 172.12.23.4

Platform: cisco 2520, Capabilities: Router

Interface: FastEthernet0/4, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0

Holdtime : 158 sec

The details of CDP are important to you on the job and in the CCNA exam room. When you find yourself negotiating a badly documented network, you can use CDP to "walk" through the network and create a network map for your client as well. Sometimes the simplest protocols are the most helpful. The limitation of CDP is reporting features on neighboring devices; but its greatest feature is that it is media- and protocol-independent and operates at the data link layer.